PREGNANCY

1.What is Pregnancy ?

Ans :- Pregnancy occurs when a sperm fertilizes an egg after it’s released from the ovary during ovulation.

The fertilized egg then travels down into the uterus, where implantation occurs.

A successful implantation results in pregnancy.

On average, a full-term pregnancy lasts 40 weeks.

There are many factors that can affect a pregnancy.

Women who receive an early pregnancy diagnosis and prenatal care are more likely

to experience a healthy pregnancy and give birth to a healthy baby.

Knowing what to expect during the full pregnancy term is important

for monitoring both your health and the health of the baby. If you’d like to prevent pregnancy,

there are also effective forms of birth control you should keep in mind.



2. Symptoms of pregnancy ?

Ans :- Missed period

Headache

Spotting

Weight gain

Pregnancy-induced hypertension

Heartburn

Constipation

Cramps

Back pain

Anemia

Depression

Insomnia

Breast changes

Acne

Vomiting

Hip pain

Diarrhea

Stress and pregnancy



3. Pregnancy week by week

Ans :- Pregnancy weeks are grouped into three trimesters, each one with

medical milestones for both you and the baby.

First trimester

A baby grows rapidly during the first trimester (weeks 1 to 12).

The fetus begins developing their brain, spinal cord, and organs. The baby’s heart will also begin to beat.

During the first trimester, the probability of a miscarriage is relatively high.

According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG),

it’s estimated that about 1 in 10 pregnancies end in miscarriage,

and that about 85 percent of these occur in the first trimester.

Seek immediate help if you experience the symptoms of miscarriage.



Second trimester

During the second trimester of pregnancy (weeks 13 to 27),

your healthcare provider will likely perform an anatomy scan ultrasound.

This test checks the fetus’s body for any developmental abnormalities.

The test results can also reveal the sex of your baby, if you wish to find out before the baby is born.

You’ll probably begin to feel your baby move, kick, and punch inside of your uterus.

After 23 weeks, a baby in utero is considered “viable.” This means that

it could survive living outside of your womb. Babies born this early often

have serious medical issues. Your baby has a much better chance of being born healthy

the longer you are able to carry the pregnancy.



Third trimester

During the third trimester (weeks 28 to 40), your weight gain will accelerate, and you may feel more tired.

Your baby can now sense light as well as open and close their eyes. Their bones are also formed.

As labor approaches, you may feel pelvic discomfort, and your feet may swell.

Contractions that don’t lead to labor, known as Braxton-Hicks contractions,

may start to occur in the weeks before you deliver.



Every pregnancy is different, but developments will most likely occur within this general time frame.



4. Pregnancy tests

Ans :- Home pregnancy tests are very accurate after the first day of your missed period.

If you get a positive result on a home pregnancy test, you should schedule an appointment

with your doctor right away. An ultrasound will be used to confirm and date your pregnancy.

Pregnancy is diagnosed by measuring the body’s levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

Also referred to as the pregnancy hormone, hCG is produced upon implantation. However,

it may not be detected until after you miss a period.

After you miss a period, hCG levels increase rapidly.

hCG is detected through either a urine or a blood test.

Urine tests may be provided at a doctor’s office,

and they’re the same as the tests you can take at home.

Blood tests can be performed in a laboratory.

hCG blood tests are about as accurate as home pregnancy tests.

The difference is that blood tests may be ordered as soon as six days after ovulation.

The sooner you can confirm you’re pregnant, the better.

An early diagnosis will allow you to take better care of your baby’s health.

Get more information on pregnancy tests, such as tips for avoiding a “false negative” result.



5.Pregnancy prevention

Ans :- Intrauterine devices (IUDs)

The pill and other hormonal birth control methods

Condoms and other barrier methods

Emergency contraception

Natural family planning (NFP)



6. Pregnancy or PMS

Ans ;- The symptoms of early pregnancy can often mimic those of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

It may be difficult for a woman to know if

she’s pregnant or simply experiencing the onset of another menstrual period.

It’s important for a woman to know as soon as possible if

she’s pregnant so that she can get proper prenatal care. She may also want

to make certain lifestyle changes, such as abstaining from alcohol,

taking prenatal vitamins, and optimizing her diet.

Taking a pregnancy test is the best, and easiest, way to determine if

it’s PMS or early pregnancy. You can take a home test or visit your healthcare provider.

Some common symptoms of both PMS and early pregnancy include:

breast pain

bleeding

mood changes

fatigue

food sensitivities

cramping

Early pregnancy and PMS are often difficult to tell apart.



7. Pregnancy diet

Ans ;- A healthy pregnancy diet should be much the same as your typical healthy diet,

only with 340 to 450 additional calories per day. Aim for a healthy mix of foods, including:

complex carbohydrates

protein

vegetables and fruits

grains and legumes

healthy fats

If you already eat a healthy diet, you’ll only need to make slight changes.

Fluids, fiber, and iron-rich foods are especially important during pregnancy.

Vitamins and minerals

Pregnant women require larger amounts of some vitamins and

minerals than women who aren’t pregnant. Folic acid and zinc are just two examples.

Once you find out you’re pregnant, you may wish to increase your

vitamin and mineral intake with the help of supplements. Be sure to read

nutrition labels and seek your doctor’s advice before using any supplements or over-the-counter (OTC) medications.

Although rare, taking supplements could result in vitamin toxicity or overdose.

However, a complete prenatal vitamin will probably contain a good mix of

the nutrients that you need for a healthy pregnancy.



8. Pregnancy and exercise

Ans :- Exercise is essential to keeping you fit, relaxed, and ready for labor.

Yoga stretches in particular will help you stay limber.

It’s important not to overdo your stretches, however, as you could risk injury.

Other good exercises for pregnancy are gentle Pilates, walking, and swimming.

You may need to modify your current fitness routine to accommodate

your changing body and lower energy levels. Work with your healthcare provider or

a personal trainer to ensure that you aren’t overexerting yourself



9. Pregnancy complications

Ans :- Pregnancy complications can involve the baby’s health,

the mother’s health, or both. They can occur during pregnancy or delivery.

Common pregnancy complications include:

high blood pressure

gestational diabetes

preeclampsia

preterm labor

miscarriage

Addressing them early can minimize the harms done to the mother or the baby.



10 . Pregnancy and labor

Sometime after your fourth month of pregnancy,

you may begin to experience Braxton-Hicks contractions,

or false labor. They’re completely normal and serve to prepare your uterus for the job ahead of real labor.

Braxton-Hicks contractions don’t occur at regular intervals,

and they don’t increase in intensity.

If you experience regular contractions before week 37,

it could be preterm labor. If this occurs, call your healthcare provider for help.



Early labor

Labor contractions are generally classified as early labor contractions and active labor contractions.

Early labor contractions last between 30 and 45 seconds. They may be far apart at first,

but by the end of early labor, contractions will be about five minutes apart.

Your water might break early during labor, or your doctor may break it for you later on during your labor.

When the cervix begins to open, you’ll see a blood-tinged discharge coating your mucous plug.



Active labor

In active labor, the cervix dilates, and the contractions get closer together and become more intense.

If you’re in active labor, you should call your healthcare provider and head to your birth setting.

If you’re unsure whether it’s active labor, it’s still a good idea to call and check in.



Labor pain

Pain will be at its height during active labor. Have a discussion with your doctor about your preferred method of dealing with pain.

You may choose drug-free measures such as meditation, yoga, or listening to music.

If you choose to manage your pain with drugs, your doctor will need to know whether to use analgesics or anesthetics.

Analgesics, such as meperidine (Demerol), dull the pain but allow you to retain some feeling.

Anesthetics, such as an epidural, prevent certain muscle movement and completely block the pain.



11 Prognosis

Ans :- You’re likely to move through each week of your pregnancy without too much trouble.

Pregnancy brings with it many changes to your body, but those changes don’t always have a serious impact on your health.

However, certain lifestyle choices can either help or actively harm your baby’s development.

Some actions that can keep you and your baby healthy include:

taking a multivitamin

getting sufficient sleep

practicing safe sex

getting a flu shot

visiting your dentist

Some things you’ll want to avoid include:

smoking

drinking alcohol

eating raw meat, deli meat, or unpasteurized dairy products

sitting in a hot tub or sauna

gaining too much weight



12 . CAN ANY PROBLEM IN PREAGNANCY BE SLOVED ?

Ans :- we have enouh back up , experieance , knowledge fecilities to solve any preagnancy related problems



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